Placebo Effect and Nocebo Effect - Study Guide - Part 3

This is part 3 of my ongoing research in "enhancing the Placebo Effect - and decreasing the Nocebo Effect".  This is my study guide and I hope you find it useful too.  You can find parts 1 and 2 on this blog also.

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Here are the search strings I used, so far:

(harness OR elucidate OR enhance OR increase OR intensify OR heighten OR magnify OR amplify OR strengthen OR build-up OR supplement OR augment OR boost OR improve OR enrich) placebo

(decrease OR lessen OR reduce OR minimize OR moderate) (doctor OR nurse OR physician OR practitioner OR clinic OR hospital) nocebo

((harness OR elucidate OR enhance OR increase OR intensify OR heighten OR magnify OR amplify OR strengthen OR build-up OR supplement OR augment OR boost OR improve OR enrich)-placebo)  ((decrease OR lessen OR reduce OR minimize OR moderate)-nocebo (doctor OR nurse OR physician OR practitioner OR clinic OR hospital))

placebo nocebo

((decrease OR lessen OR reduce OR minimize OR moderate) (doctor OR nurse OR physician OR practitioner OR clinic OR hospital)-placebo) OR (placebo-(run-in OR lead-in)) OR (placebo-responder))

("placebo effect" OR "placebo response" OR nocebo) (patents OR patentable OR patent)

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Placebo effect can enhance performance - study

The Use of Placebo and Non-Specific Therapies and Their Relation to Basic Professional Attitudes and the Use of Complementary Therapies among German Physicians – A Cross-Sectional Survey. 

Mind matters: placebo enhances reward learning in Parkinson's disease. 

Can an Educational Handout Enhance Placebo Analgesia for Experimentally-Induced Pain? 

Seeing facial expressions enhances placebo analgesia.

Placebo improves pleasure and pain through opposite modulation of sensory processing. 

Autonomic effects of suggestive placebo interventions to increase or decrease blood pressure: A randomized controlled trial in healthy subjects. 

Mobilizing unused resources: Using the placebo concept to enhance cognitive performance. 

Corrigendum to “Seeing facial expressions enhances placebo analgesia” [PAIN® 155(4) (2014) 666–673]. 

Can pill placebo augment cognitive-behavior therapy for panicdisorder? 

Does elimination of placebo responders in a placebo run-in increase the treatment effect in randomized clinical trials? A meta-analytic evaluation. 

Metformin and placebo therapy both improve weight management and fasting insulin in obese insulin-resistant adolescents: a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized study. 

Placebo enhances sports performance. 

Putting the placebo effect to work. Rather than dismiss it, we should try to understand the placebo effect and harness it when we can.

Intranasal Oxytocin Application Enhances Placebo Effect 

'Love Hormone' Might Heighten the Placebo Effect 

Real and Placebo Reiki Boost Comfort in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy. 

Metformin and placebo therapy both improve weight management and fasting insulin in obese insulin-resistant adolescents: a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized study.

Study: Placebo improves sex life for women 

Genetics and neuroimaging of attention and hypnotizability may elucidate placebo.

Opioid-mediated placebo responses boost pain endurance and physical performance: is it doping in sport competitions?

Placebo Pill Gives Boost to Some Women's Sex Drive 

Placebo boosts women's sex drive, study finds 

Little Difference Between Dietary Supplements and Placebo in Slowing Cartilage Loss. 

Placebos boost performance 

[Creatine--placebo or useful supplement?].

Placebos could improve link between medical outlooks. 

Clinical features of depressed patients who do and do not improve with placebo.

SUPPLEMENTS FALL-OUT; Placebo or panacea? 

How the placebo effect can improve your health. 

Does placebo improve indexes of effort-induced myocardial ischemia? An objective study in 150 patients with chronic stable angina pectoris.

Why does placebo improve severe limb ischaemia?

Why does placebo improve severe limb ischaemia?

Why does placebo improve severe limb ischaemia?

Why Nothing Works. 

  To Tell the Truth, the Whole Truth, May Do Patients Harm: The Problem of the Nocebo Effect for Informed Consent. 

Ulysses Contracts and the Nocebo Effect. 

Nocebo in fibromyalgia: meta-analysis of placebo-controlled clinical trials and implications for practice. 

Placebo Theory and Its Implications for Research and Clinical Practice: A Review of the Recent Literature. 

Chiropractic And Homoeopathy. 

How to increase treatment effectiveness and efficiency in psychiatry: creative psychopharmacotherapy - part 2: creating favorable treatment context and fostering patients' creativity.

On Gods and Placebos. 

Getting the pain you expect: mechanisms of placebo, nocebo and reappraisal effects in humans. 

 A Neural Mechanism for Nonconscious Activation of Conditioned Placebo and Nocebo Responses.

Response to letter: Nocebo and placebo effects may not be separate in acupuncture.

The role of patient expectancy in placebo and nocebo effects in antidepressant trials.

Adverse events, placebo and nocebo effects in placebo-treated paediatric patients with refractory focal epilepsies. Analysis of double-blind studies.

Placebo/nocebo/tomato effect…it's all about attitude, perception, and expectation.

Nocebo and placebo modulation of hypobaric hypoxia headache involves the cyclooxygenase-prostaglandins pathway.

The placebo-nocebo response: controversies and challenges from clinical and research perspective.

The placebo-nocebo response in patients with depression: do we need to reconsider our treatment approach and clinical trial designs?

Placebo and nocebo effect: a mini-review.

Understanding placebo and nocebo responses for pain management.

Medicine's inconvenient truth: the placebo and nocebo effect.

The placebo and nocebo effects on peak minute power during incremental arm crank ergometry.

Do randomized clinical trials with inadequate blinding report enhanced placebo effects for intervention groups and nocebo effects for placebo groups?

Role of conditioning and verbal suggestion in placebo and nocebo effects on itch.

Placebo and nocebo effects: an introduction to psychological and biological mechanisms.

Placebo, nocebo, and learning mechanisms.

Placebo and nocebo effects in itch and pain.

Neural mechanisms mediating positive and negative treatment expectations in visceral pain: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study on placebo and nocebo effects in healthy volunteers

Placebo and nocebo effects in randomized controlled trials: the implications for research and practice.

The neurobiology of placebo and nocebo: how expectations influence treatment outcomes.

Motor and cognitive placebo-/nocebo-responses in Parkinson's disease patients with deep brain stimulation.

Using Sherlock and ClinicalTrials.gov data to understand nocebo effects and adverse event dropout rates in the placebo arm.

Placebo and nocebo: how to enhance therapies and avoid unintended sabotage to pain treatment.

Placebo, nocebo, and expectations: leveraging positive outcomes.

Do randomized clinical trials with inadequate blinding report enhanced placebo effects for intervention groups and nocebo effects for placebo groups? A protocol for a meta-epidemiological study of PDE-5 inhibitors.

Placebo and nocebo responses in randomised controlled trials of drugs applying for approval for fibromyalgia syndrome treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nonconscious activation of placebo and nocebo pain responses.

Nocebo in fibromyalgia: meta-analysis of placebo-controlled clinical trials and implications for practice.

Why medication in involuntary treatment may be less effective: the placebo/nocebo effect.

Mechanisms involved in placebo and nocebo responses and implications for drug trials.

Response to the commentary "You may (not always) experience what you expect: in search of the limits of the placebo and nocebo effect".

Induction of nocebo and placebo effects on itch and pain by verbal suggestions.

Nocebo is the enemy, not placebo. A meta-analysis of reported side effects after placebo treatment in headaches.

Disease-specific adverse events following nonlive vaccines: a paradoxical placebo effect or a nocebo phenomenon?

You may (not always) experience what you expect: in search for the limits of the placebo and nocebo effect.

New insights into the nocebo response. Research is providing clues about a phenomenon that is the exact opposite of the placebo response.

Placebo and nocebo in interventional pain management: a friend or a foe--or simply foes?

Getting the pain you expect: mechanisms of placebo, nocebo and reappraisal effects in humans.

How the number of learning trials affects placebo and nocebo responses.

Placebo/nocebo: the “biochemical” power of words and suggestions.

Placebos and nocebos--Techniques to optimize MS management? 

Placebo and nocebo effects in randomized double-blind clinical trials of agents for the therapy for fatigue in patients with advanced cancer.

Widespread hyperalgesia in irritable bowel syndrome is dynamically maintained by tonic visceral impulse input and placebo/nocebo factors: evidence from human psychophysics, animal models, and neuroimaging.

[Psiconeurophysiologic bases of the placebo-nocebo phenomenon: scientific evidences that value the humanization of the doctor-patient relationship].

The potential of a placebo/nocebo effect in pharmacogenetics.

New insights into the placebo and nocebo responses.

The role of learning in nocebo and placebo effects.

Placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia--two sides of the same coin?

Placebo and nocebo effects are defined by opposite opioid and dopaminergic responses.

Placebo and Nocebo Effects in Randomized Controlled Trials: The Implications for Research and Practice. 

Response to letter: Nocebo and placebo effects may not be separate in acupuncture. 

Placebo and nocebo in cardiovascular health: implications for healthcare, research, and the doctor-patient relationship.

Placebo/nocebo symptom reporting in a sham herbal supplement trial.

The effects of manipulating expectations through placebo and nocebo administration on gastric tachyarrhythmia and motion-induced nausea.

The role of placebo and nocebo effects of perioperative administration of sedatives and opioids in interventional pain management.

Pain, placebo, and nocebo: epistemic, ethical, and practical issues.

[Placebo is not always effective against nocebo bacilli. The body-mind interplay still wrapped in mystery].

Cortical correlates of false expectations during pain intensity judgments--a possible manifestation of placebo/nocebo cognitions.

Understanding placebo, nocebo, and iatrogenic treatment effects.

[Nocebo effect: the other side of placebo].

Placebo and Nocebo responses, cortisol, and circulating beta-endorphin.

Conscious expectation and unconscious conditioning in analgesic, motor, and hormonal placebo/nocebo responses.

Drug-related information generates placebo and nocebo responses that modify the drug response.

Nocebo is the enemy, not placebo. A meta-analysis of reported side effects after placebo treatment in headaches. 

[Placebo- and nocebo-factors in medicine and dentistry].

Effets placebo et nocebo dans le traitement de la douleur : implications cliniques. (French) 

Placebo and nocebo effects in pain treatment: Clinical implications. 

Placebos, Nocebos, and Chiropractic Adjustments. 

[Placebo--nocebo].

[Nocebo--the antipode to placebo].

[Placebo--an anti-pole of nocebo].

[Nocebo--the opposite of placebo].

[The placebo-nocebo effect and clinical pain. Attempted proposal].

Nocebo effects with antidepressant clinical drug trial placebos. 

Conscious Expectation and Unconscious Conditioning in Analgesic, Motor, and Hormonal Placebo/Nocebo Responses. 

Heart Repair: A Placebo Fix? Or A Nocebo Mix? 

The role of learning in nocebo and placebo effects. 

Placebo/nocebo. 

Pain and placebo in pediatrics: A comprehensive review of laboratory and clinical findings. 

Effect of placebo on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children. 

Simple Steps Make Shots Less Scary for Kids, Nurse Says 

Mechanisms and therapeutic implications of the placebo effect in neurological and psychiatric conditions. 

Deconstructing Pediatric Depression Trials: An Analysis of the Effects of Expectancy and Therapeutic Contact. 

Using the placebo effect to treat cold symptoms in children.

Nocebo effect in randomized clinical trials of antidepressants in children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Placebo effect in child and adolescent psychiatric trials. 

Acetaminophen analgesia in children: placebo effect and pain resolution after tonsillectomy.

An investigation of the placebo effect and age-related factors in the report of needle pain from venipuncture in children.

Placebo effect of eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA) cream in reducing venepuncture pain in children.

Placebo effects in children: a review.

Effect of placebo on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children. 

Managing persisting pain in children with medical illnesses: another frontier unexplored. 

Placebo by proxy: the effect of parents' beliefs on therapy for children's temper tantrums. 

Biofeedback in the Treatment of Headache and Other Childhood Pain. 

Melatonin Versus Placebo in Children with Autism Spectrum Conditions and Severe Sleep Problems Not Amenable to Behaviour Management Strategies: A Randomised Controlled Crossover Trial. 

Placebo effect in child and adolescent psychiatric trials. 

Greater Response to Placebo in Children Than in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Drug-Resistant Partial Epilepsy. 

Placebo effects in children: a review.

Neuroplasticity: The wave of the neuroscience future. 

Speaking about the Unspeakable: Non-Verbal Methods and Experiences in Therapy with Children. 

The importance of placebo in headache research. 

The best medicine. 

How To Be a Critical Consumer of Treatment Studies. 

[Does the placebo effect exist in newborn infants?].

Placebo effect in the treatment of acute cough in infants and toddlers: a randomized clinical trial.

The nocebo effect of prenatal care. 

The Power of Persuasion and the Placebo Response. 

Possible Efficacy of a Creek Folk Medicine through Skin Absorption: An Object Lesson in Ethnopharmacology.

Healing with Homeopathy: Incredible Medicine. 

Homeopathy: The once and future medicine. 

  Brain functional changes during placebo lead-in and changes in specific symptoms during pharmacotherapy for major depression. 

Psychotropic placebos reduce the misinformation effect by increasing monitoring at test. 

Placebo manipulations reduce hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain. 

The Placebo Responder Rate in Children and Adolescents. 

A two-way enriched clinical trial design: combining advantages of placebo lead-in and randomized withdrawal.

Does elimination of placebo responders in a placebo run-in increase the treatment effect in randomized clinical trials? A meta-analytic evaluation. 

Changes in Brain Function (Quantitative EEG Cordance) During Placebo Lead-In and Treatment Outcomes in Clinical Trials for Major Depression. 

113. Oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) variation moderates affective placebo responders in fatigued breast cancer survivors: Relevance to biological sensitivity to context. 

Peripheral pulsed electromagnetic fields may reduce the placebo effect in migraine patients that do not respond to the sham intervention in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over clinical trial.

Sleeping pills work through placebo effect and run risk of side-effects, experts warn 

How a placebo reduces pain. 

Are placebo run ins justified? 

The impact of restrictive entry criterion during the placebo lead-in period.

Placebo run-in period in studies of depressive disorders. Clinical, heuristic and research implications.

A novel placebo lead-in behavior strategy for sertraline dosing in a depressed patient highly sensitive to medication side effects.

Outcomes of a placebo run-in period in a head and neck cancer chemoprevention trial.

Placebo run-in for antidepressant trials.

Lead-in placebo washout period.

An empirical evaluation of the placebo run-in.

Does a placebo run-in or a placebo treatment cell affect the efficacy of antidepressant medications?

Antiemetic placebo: reduce adverse drug interactions between chemotherapeutic agents and antiemetic drugs in cancer patients.

Can placebo controls reduce the number of nonresponders in clinical trials? A power-analytic perspective.

Efficient trial designs to reduce placebo requirements.

Commentary: Placebo run ins have some value. 

Comparison of single-dose ibuprofen lysine, acetylsalicylic acid, and placebo for moderate-to-severe postoperative dental pain.

Hypnotic effect of methaqualone employing placebo responder elimination.

Investigating the ‘placebo personality’ outside the pain paradigm. 

Who responds to placebos? Considering the "placebo personality" via a transactional model.

Does elimination of placebo responders in a placebo run-in increase the treatment effect in randomized clinical trials? A meta-analytic evaluation. 

Do “placebo responders” exist? 

Bayesian modelling and ROC analysis to predict placebo responders using clinical score measured in the initial weeks of treatment in depression trials. 

Motivational concordance: An important mechanism in self-help therapeutic rituals involving inert (placebo) substances. 

Dispositional predictors of placebo responding: A motivational interpretation of flower essence and gratitude therapy. 

Reproducibility of placebo analgesia: Effect of dispositional optimism.

Development of a patient-reported assessment to identify placebo responders in a generalized anxiety disorder trial.

Hypnotic effect of methaqualone employing placebo responder elimination.

Hypnosis, hynotizability, and placebo.

[Placebo response in functional bowel disorders].

The importance of placebo effects in pain treatment and research.

[Placebos in clinic and research: experimental findings and theoretical concepts].

Repeated measurements of non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure: distinction between reproducibility and the proper effect of placebo.

Patient expectations in placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials.

Who responds to placebos? Considering the "placebo personality" via a transactional model.

Development of a patient-reported assessment to identify placebo responders in a generalized anxiety disorder trial. 

[Placebo response in functional bowel disorders].

[Placebos in clinic and research: experimental findings and theoretical concepts].

Repeated measurements of non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure: distinction between reproducibility and the proper effect of placebo.

Pain Responder Analysis: Use of Area Under the Curve to Enhance Interpretation of Clinical Trial Results. 

Pregabalin in fibromyalgia - responder analysis from individual patient data. 

Investigation of Influencing Factors on Higher Placebo Response in East Asian Versus Western Clinical Trials for Partial Epilepsy: A Meta-Analysis. 

“Comparable Placebo Treatment” and the Ethics of Deception. 

The Placebo Phenomenon and Well-Being: Notes on the Healing Process as an Evolutionary Adaptive Trait. 

The placebo response in functional dyspepsia – reanalysis of trial data. 

Predictors of the placebo response in functional dyspepsia. 

Constructing the placebo effect in the placebo wars: What is the way ahead? 

Greater Response to Placebo in Children Than in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Drug-Resistant Partial Epilepsy. 

Behavioral factors in the placebo response. 

Ingesting Placebo 

Placebo: From Pain and Analgesia to Preferences and Products. 

Novel study designs to investigate the placebo response. 

Baseline Predictors of Placebo Response in Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB): Pooled Regression Analysis >From Three Studies of Montelukast in EIB. 

Role of μ-opioid system in the formation of memory of placebo responses. 

Reactions to treatment debriefing among the participants of a placebo controlled trial. 

The use of pure and impure placebo interventions in primary care - a qualitative approach. 

Age effects on placebo response rates in clinical trials of acute agents for migraine: pooled analysis of rizatriptan trials in adults. 

The transferable placebo effect from pain to emotion: Changes in behavior and EEG activity. 

Motivational concordance: An important mechanism in self-help therapeutic rituals involving inert (placebo) substances. 

Pretreatment neurophysiological and clinical characteristics of placebo responders in treatment trials for major depression. 

Placebo found to cause distinct brain function changes. 

Hypnotic effect of methaqualone employing placebo responder elimination.

Placebo response in binge eating disorder. 

Doubly Randomized Delayed-Start Design for Enrichment Studies with Responders or Nonresponders. 

Placebo effects and antidepressant medication: Implications for research and clinical care. 

[Placebo response in functional bowel disorders].

The placebo effect. 

Common brain changes seen in placebo, antidepressant responders. 

Neuromagnetic treatment of pain in refractory carpal tunnel syndrome: An electrophysiological and placebo analysis. 

Pain and the Placebo Effect. 

Are the clinical effects of homoeopathy placebo effects? A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled tria 

[Placebos in clinic and research: experimental findings and theoretical concepts].

Repeated measurements of non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure: distinction between reproducibility and the proper effect of placebo.

Patient expectations in placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials.

The promise of placebo power 

Prepotent response inhibition predicts treatment outcome in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. 

The Role of Quality of Life in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Regulatory Issues. 

Placebos and Treatment of Pain. 

More placebo writings/inventions to come, 

but this is all for now.  

Stay tuned, if interested.

Article is for information only and is not advice of any kind, 

including not medical or legal advice. Seek professionals, as needed or wanted.